Anhang:Proto-Indo-Europääsch/h₁éḱwos

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 Düsse Indrag bargt rekunstrueerte Wöör un Wörtels. Dat heet, dat de Begrepen in düssen Indrag nich direkt nawiest sünd. Man se nimmt an, dat he so existeert hett, wat sik op verglieken Bewiesen grünnt.

Proto-Indo-Europääsch

Substantiv

*h₁éḱwos (masculinum)

Varianten

in de wetenschopliche Literatur: *éḱwos[1], *h₁éḱwos[2], *h₁éḱus[3]

Deklinatschoon

Deklinatschoon vun *h₁éḱwos
Singular Dual Plural
Nominativ *h₁éḱwos *h₁éḱwoh₁ *h₁éḱwoes
Vokativ *h₁éḱwe *h₁éḱwoh₁ *h₁éḱwoes
Akkusativ *h₁éḱwom *h₁éḱwoh₁ *h₁éḱwons
Instrumental *h₁éḱwoh₁  ? *h₁éḱwōys
Dativ *h₁éḱwoey  ? *h₁éḱwo(y)mos
Ablativ *h₁éḱwead  ? *h₁éḱwo(y)mos
Genitive *h₁éḱwosyo  ? *h₁éḱwooHom
Lokativ *h₁éḱwey  ? *h₁éḱwoysu

Bedüden

  1. Hengst, Piärd

Etymologie

Usually explained as a derivation of the root *h₁eḱu- (“quick, swift”), also seen in e.g. Ancient Greek ὠκύς (ōkus), Latin ōcior (“faster”) and Sanskrit आशु (āśú, “fast, quick”) (all < PIE *h₁oh₁ḱus (“swift”)). The thematic derivation would express association with a root noun *h₁eḱ- (“swiftness, celerity”), thus denoting "that which has swiftness" or "the swift one". The adjective would have to be derived from the root by reduplication, which is unusual in PIE nominal word formation. Many linguists therefore reject it as popular etymology and sugges other sources:

  • Kulanda 2008 argues that the PIE word is borrowed from , since there are no known Nostratic cognates; compare Kabardian шы (šə), Abkhaz аҽы (āčə), Avar чу (ču), Karata [schrift?] (ičʷa, “mare”), шив (šiv, “horse”) etc. (NCED 520). This etymology has been criticized by Matasović 2012:291 who argues that the direction of borrowing is probably from PIE into North Caucasian: steppe horses were probably traded for Mesopotamian imports on the North Caucasus in the eneolithic period. The fact that we find fricatives and affricates in the Caucasian reflexes of this word indicates that the source could have been an IE dialect of the satem type.
  • Bomhard connects it to Proto-Altaic *èk‘á (“to move quickly, to rage”) with the original meaning not "the swift one" but "the spirited, violent, fiery, or wild one", both deriving from Proto-Nostratic root *ʔekʰ- "to move quickly, to rage; to be furious, raging, violent, spirited, fiery, wild"

The original thematic form is also disputed - according to Kloekhorst (2008), the original derivation was a u-stem, to which point Anatolian reflexes which presume Proto-Anatolian u-stem *h₁éḱu-, as opposed to the thematic (o-stem) derivation in all the other PIE branches. There is no known phonological development through which PIE *h₁eḱwo- could yield PAnat. *h₁eḱu-, and in view of the productivity of the o-stem inflection in Anatolian it is unlikely that PIE *h₁eḱwo- would have yielded PAnat. *h₁éḱu- through secondary developments. We therefore must conclude that the Proto-Anatolian u-stem *h₁éḱu- reflects the original state of affairs and that the thematicization as visible in the non-Anatolian IE languages (which is a trivial development) must be regarded as a common innovation of them. In other words, this is one of the evidences supportive of the Indo-Hittite hypothesis. The original paradigm was probably thus *h₁éḱ-u-s, *h₁éḱ-u-m, *h₁ḱ-u-és, from the stem *h₁eḱ-u- (“swift”).

Synonymen

Nakamen


? Referenzen un wiederföhren Informatschonen

  1. ↑ Ringe 2006:46
  2. ↑ EIEC p. 273
  3. ↑ Kloekhorst 2008:239
  • Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, volume I, page 301
  • Alwin Kloekhorst (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon, Leiden, Boston: Brill Academic Publishers, page 10
  • J. P. Mallory, D. Q. Adams (eds.) (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 273f
  • Don Ringe, From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press, 2006
  • Allan R. Bomhard, Proto-Indo-European ‘Horse’ From a Nostratic Perspective, Charleston, SC, USA (PDF, edu)
  • Sergei Kulanda (2008), Лошадь в праиндоевропейском, - Orientalia et Classica XIX: Аспекты компаративистики 3. Москва, pages 669-678.
  • S. L. Nikolayev, S. A. Starostin (1994), A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary, Moscow: Asterisk Publishers
  • Ranko Matasović (2012), Areal Typology of Proto-Indo-European: The Case for Caucasian Connections. Transactions of the Philological Society, Volume 110, Issue 2, pages 283–310

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