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Anhang:Proto-Indo-Europääsch/wĺ̥kʷos

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 Düsse Indrag bargt rekunstrueerte Wöör un Wörtels. Dat heet, dat de Begrepen in düssen Indrag nich direkt nawiest sünd. Man se nimmt an, dat he so existeert hett, wat sik op verglieken Bewiesen grünnt.

Proto-Indo-Europääsch

Substantiv

*wĺ̥kʷos (masculinum)

Deklinatschoon

Vörlaag:ine-decl-noun-them-m

Bedüden

  1. Wulf

Etymologie

The word *wĺ̥kʷos is a thematic accented zero-grade noun perhaps derived from the adjective *wl̥kʷós ‘dangerous’ (compare Hittite walkuwa ‘dangerous’, Old Irish olc ‘evil’, Sanskrit [schrift?] (avṛká) ‘safe’, literally, ‘not wild’, वृकतात् (vṛká-tāt) ‘savagery’).[1] Stress shift onto the zero-grade is consistent with nominalized adjectives: compare Sanskrit कृष्ण (kṛ́ṣṇa) ‘black antelope’ from कृष्ण (kṛṣṇá) ‘black’. Alternatively, the word may be a derivative of the verbal root *welh₂- ‘to tear up’.[2] In either case, the word's formation closely resembles that of *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (“bear”), another thematic accented zero-grade noun whose referent is an animal subject to cultural taboos.[3]

The Latin and Greek reflexes are unexpected (vs. expected Lat **volquus, Gk **álpos; l̥ → Lat ol, Gk al). The Latin reflex may be variously a borrowing from Sabine (where PIE */kʷ/ regularly gave /p/), influenced by volpēs ‘fox’, or a taboo deformation meant to offset the fear usually associated with the animal, or any combination of the three. A deformation would explain the metathesis of */w/ and */l/, which also occurred in Greek (*wĺ̥kʷos → *lúkʷos → *lýkos), but does not explain the presence of delabialized /k/ which is regular in Greek only before /u/. In both cases, the expected forms are so close to the word for ‘fox’ (compare Lat volpēs, Gk alōpós, alṓpēx) that avoiding conflation of the two words ‘wolf’ and ‘fox’ may have motivated either alteration or borrowing.

The Germanic reflex, with /f/ ← */p/ ← */kʷ/, underwent an unusual sound change, but the velar was retained in at least one form, e.g., Old Norse ylgr ‘she-wolf’ (vs. Old English wylf, Middle High German wülpe ← *wulbī) ← *wulgʷī́ ← *wl̥kʷíh₂, which indicates neither taboo deformation nor derivation from some other root took place.

Armenian and Celtic have replaced the word with Proto-Indo-European *wai-lo (“howler”) due to taboo; compare Old Armenian գայլ (gayl), Old Irish fáel.[4]

Nachkamen


? Referenzen un wiederföhren Informatschonen

  1. ↑ A. Lehrman, "Anatolian Cognates of the PIE Word for 'Wolf'", Die Sprache 33 (1987), 13-18.
  2. ↑ Tamaz Gamkrelidze & Vjačeslav Ivanov, Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans (Tbilisi: Tbilisi UP, 1984), 492.
  3. ↑ J.P. Mallory & D.Q. Adams, Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, s.v. "wolf" (London: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997), 646.
  4. ↑ Vörlaag:R:xcl:Martirosyan
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